The development of new material technology will provide a solid
foundation for a new chapter of technological and industrial
revolution. In the seven industries listed in the "Decision of the
State Council on Accelerating Cultivation and Development of Strategic
Emerging Industries"
("国务院关于加快培育和发展战略性新兴产业的决定"),
new materials industry ranks sixth. It states that the new materials
industry will proactively develop rare earth functional materials,
high-performance membrane materials, specialty glass, functional
ceramics, semi-conductor lighting materials and other new functional
materials; it will also actively develop high-quality specialty steel,
new type alloy materials, engineering plastics and other advanced
structural materials; it will also improve the development level of
carbon fiber, aramid fiber, polyethylene fiber with ultra high
molecular weight, other high-performance fibers and their compound
materials; it will also carry out research of nanometer,
superconductor, intellectual and other basic materials. Among the new
materials selected for development, most are related to the textile
industry - this provides a huge room for advancement for the textile
industry.
In fact, the textile industry is the convergence point where
biological technology, nanotechnology, information technology, new
energy, new materials and high-end equipment manufactures meet. New
textile materials are bound to be created as a result of application
of advanced technologies. Driven by high technology, new materials
will definitely increase the vitality of the industry.
*Development and manufacture of new materials*
Discussions have been focused on how the Chinese textile industry is
to be reconstructed involving high technologies to meet the domestic
and overseas processing demands.
In terms of development, manufacture, industrialization and
application of new materials, China's textile industry has remarkable
achievements. For example, the new materials, carbon fiber, aramid
fiber 1313, polysulfonamide, polyethylene with ultra high molecular
weight, polyphenylene sulfide, basalt fiber and other high-performance
fibers, and natural fibers such as bamboo pulp fiber, hemp pulp fiber,
have been industrialized. And most technologies and products can reach
the international advanced level. Aramid fiber 1414 and advanced
solvent method cellulose fiber have obtained achievements in pilot
plant test. Their industrialization technology is still in the R&D
stage, and is believed to be realized in near future.
In addition, the new type polyester PTT resin has passed pilot plant
test, while fiber production, processing as well as product
development have been industrialized. The post-finishing of fabric is
developed from single functional finishing such as anti-bacterial,
anti-crinkle, to multi-functional finishing for improving the values
of textiles. As technology develops, the applications are gradually
extended to electronics, aviation, construction and other industrial
fields from the traditional consumption fields such as clothing and
home textiles.
*In developing new materials, 12th Five-year Plan focuses on:*
‧ Strengthening research on fundamental theories and advanced
technologies in fiber material processing, spinning and weaving
processing, printing and dyeing processing, intellectual textiles,
apparels and manufacture of textile machinery
‧ Enhancing research, development and innovation on textile and
fiber materials, and developing a batch of high-performance chemical
synthesized fiber engineering materials at internationally advanced
level; actively developing ultra-simulation and various functional
fibers, using animals, plants, minerals and natural biochemical
materials to develop biomass fiber to enhance sustainability
‧ Improving research and development of processing technologies and
equipment for new type spinning, new type weaving, special weaving,
weaving of wide and heavy-duty textiles; accelerating research,
promotion and application of high machine number and forming weaving,
double layer with warp and woof woven bi-layer and multi-layer
composite weaving, jacquard weaving and other knitting technologies,
non-woven and composite technology;
‧ Strengthening research and promotion on high-efficient short-flow
pre-treatment technology, no-water or less water printing and dyeing
technology and functional post-finishing technology; greatly
developing technical textiles, personal textiles, green and
environment-friendly textiles, intellectual textiles and other
value-added textiles
However, the general level of "Made in China" in the new materials
industry is still under development compared with international
level. Even though China is a leader in the output of many basic
materials and industrial products, its high-performance materials,
core parts and critical equipment are still imported. Besides the
textile industry, the R&D of new materials in other industries has
started. Compared with other emerging industries, China's new
material industry in the textile sector is scattered.
China's industrial development is characterized by repetitive
construction in the same field, with only a few leading large-scale
enterprises who have technical advantages. And the same applies to the
new materials industry. To resolve this problem, policy support,
scientific development and resource optimization are required.
*Progress of industrial applications*
At present, the application of textile new materials has achieved a
certain level of progress in China.
Chinese synthetic materials have been used in the construction of
Qinghai-Tibet Railway (青藏铁路) to solve such problems as land
crack, frozen soil, heat reservation and anti-penetration on the
plateau. The environmentally-friendly filtration materials developed
with aramid fiber, polyphenylene sulfide and other high-performance
materials can significantly improve the dust emission efficiency of
thermal power generation. They can also recycle the rare metals from
residues, as a result, they have created higher economic benefits. The
lightweight, high-intensity and high-performance composite materials
meet the demand in the field of aviation, aerospace and new energy,
gradually replace part of traditional steels and promote low-carbon
development. The products for medical use, such as disposable
operation gowns and surgical masks with high anti-virus performance,
effectively reduce the probability of cross-infection and ensure
people's health and safety. The disposable diapers (pants) for babies
and the elderly, women's sanitary napkins, towels, wet tissues and
other sanitary products greatly improve people's living quality. In
addition, the progress of new materials in the field of high-end
applications is truly inspiring.
Space suit is a typical example of the application of new materials.
It weighs about 120kg and costs RMB 30 million (about US$4.7 million).
It can provide appropriate air pressure, sufficient oxygen supply,
comfortable temperature and humidity when the astronaut moves outside
the spacecraft; it has sufficient strength for preventing astronaut
from getting injured by radiation, meteoroid and space debris, and
ensures working ability of astronaut. Space suit can also provide
reliable working safeguard and remote measurement communication
safeguard. An astronaut's gloves are very thick and look like boxing
gloves. The gloves use special heat insulation plastic materials and
can bear the temperature as high as 100°C. Their fingertips have only
one air-tight layer so as to protect the sense of touch. There are two
vacuum heat insulation layers on the back of finger. The grained
plastic materials at the center of hand are for anti-slipping. The
gloves can hold a matter like a 25mm pencil and the foldable heat
protection cover at the back of hand is used for covering fingers to
improve heat protection capacity and flexibility of fingers' joint.
Astronaut's space suit has to be heat-insulated by vacuum shielding,
and all textiles have to be combined by several weaving techniques to
meet requirements of intensity. Space suit consists of six layers: the
comfortable layer woven with cotton fabric with special anti-static
treatment, rubber-made backup air-tight layer, main air-tight layer
composed with composite joints, restriction layer made of polyester
fabric, heat insulation layer to realize heat insulation by thermal
reflection, and the external protection layer. There are seven layers
in the body part; the bag is the thickest with 20 layers. Astronants
may not survive in the space without new textile materials .
Many people are fond of the mascot Haibao (吉祥物海宝) of World
Expo in Shanghai (世博会), especially its lamination property at
night, which is made of a new functional fiber. This energy-storing
multi-color luminous fiber is woven on the base of polyester fiber,
chinlon or polypropylene fiber and added rare earth nano auxiliaries
based on a special spinning process. This fiber can maintain its
shininess for more than 10 hours after absorbing visible light for 10
minutes. It is unnecessary for the fiber to be dyed, which makes it
eco-friendly. This value-added fiber has entered the stage of
industrialization and can be widely used in the field of daily life,
national defense and so on.
*New materials enrich people's lives* Nanotechnology gives great
support to the development of functional textile materials. The
advantage of nanotechnology is to remove large amount of waste. The
new materials have the following functions: waterproof,
anti-pollution, moisture permeability, radiation of far-infrared,
bulletproof, anti-ultraviolet, anti-bacterial, inflammation resistant,
anti-static and so on.
At present, the newest achievements for manufacturing nanofibers with
electrostatic spinning have been introduced to the market. This simple
technology can carry out micro-control to fiber structure and modify
internal components or combination manner of fiber. In addition,
nanometer fiber with twisting structure can be applied in
micro-electronic appliance, senior optical material and drug delivery.
Development of low-carbon and ecological weaving materials is popular
among people who pay more attention to the environment. In the face of
insufficiency of resources, new natural fibers will become the key
development direction in the future. The Agricultural Machinery
Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences
(中国热带农业科学院农业机械研究所) was said to have
developed pineapple leaf fiber, which has excellent anti-bacterial
performance against staphylococcus aureus and colon bacillus. The
stockings, towels, underwear, mats and other products made of natural
pineapple leaves are being sold in the market. They can meet the
demand for environmental protection and health, and can also create
considerable social benefits and economic benefits.
*Test control technology: quality guarantee for new materials*
Development of new materials involves high investment, high
technology, high risk, high quality and high output. In the course of
production of new materials, manufacturing equipment, testing
equipment and quality control technology which reach the international
level must be used to ensure product quality.
For example, the QMS system developed by German Mahlo (德国玛诺)
is a typical category. QMS quality test control system is widely used
for nonwoven fabric production line, wallpaper production line, film
extrusion production line, extrusion coating production line, carpet
coating, rubber roller, PVC coating, artificial leather production
line, label, sticker, drug coating and other base material production
lines and implements test and control to gram weight per square meter,
coating volume, water content, thickness, luster and other quality
parameters so as to improve and stabilize product quality, save raw
materials and reduce production costs.
In raw material testing, for raw materials are foundation of quality
of textiles, attention should be paid to cotton HVI testing system,
wool fineness and distribution testing, yarn evenness CCD testing
technology, chemical fiber filament dynamic thermal contraction
testing system, textile style and wear performance testing, and allow
them to play a great role in the application of new materials. More
things will be done in green textile quality testing and evaluation
technology, functional textile testing technology and methods for
meeting higher environmental requirements.
Different from traditional processes, production of high-tech products
requires test control technologies. For their good and stable quality,
high-tech equipment and pre-arranged production plans are necessary.
Production of new materials, as well as quality control technologies
will be a technology-intensive industry in the future.
*Yang Chaoyu is an engineer and a member of China Textile Engineering
Society, China Association for Standardization and China Association
for Science and Technology.*
Read more from the original source:
New materials and testing technology: Foundation for hi-tech
development
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